قبرستان کی زمین کی فروخت/خریداری-- غیر قانونی-- حکام کے ذریعہ تدفین سے انکار ، رہائش کی بنیاد پر امتیازی سلوک کو چیلنج-- - عوامی قبرستان وقف کی ملکیت ............

 P L D 2026 Lahore 382

قبرستان کی زمین کی فروخت/خریداری-- غیر قانونی-- حکام کے ذریعہ تدفین سے انکار ، رہائش کی بنیاد پر امتیازی سلوک کو چیلنج-- - عوامی قبرستان وقف کی ملکیت ہونے کی وجہ سے - درخواست گزار نے ایڈیشنل ڈپٹی کمشنر کے اس حکم کو چیلنج کیا جس کے تحت علاقے کے غیر رہائشیوں کو اپنے متوفی کو مقامی قبرستان میں دفن کرنے سے روک دیا گیا تھا اور انہیں ہدایت کی گئی تھی کہ وہ تدفین کے لیے علیحدہ زمین خریدیں ۔ - معاملہ اس بنیاد پر پیدا ہوا کہ قبرستان کی زمین کے کافی حصے پر صرف ایک محدود علاقہ دفن کرنے کے لیے دستیاب چھوڑ کر تجاوز کیا گیا تھا - - ہائی کورٹ کے سامنے عزم کا مسئلہ یہ تھا کہ "کیا انتظامیہ قانونی طور پر غیر رہائشیوں کو عوامی قبرستان میں دفن کرنے سے روک سکتی ہے اور انہیں دفن کرنے کے لیے علیحدہ زمین خریدنے کا مطالبہ کر سکتی ہے ؟" - - ہیلڈ: اعتراض شدہ حکم کو پوری طرح سے مضحکہ خیز اور مضحکہ خیز انداز میں داغدار کیا گیا کیونکہ اس طرح کی شرط کا نفاذ غیر مساوی ، سخت اور افراد کے بنیادی حقوق کی خلاف ورزی کے مترادف پایا گیا جیسا کہ ان کے عزیزوں کی باوقار تدفین ، ان کی رہائشی اور مالی حیثیت سے قطع نظر ۔ قانون کے تحت انصاف اور مساوی سلوک کے اصولوں کے خلاف اس طرح کی امتیازی پابندیوں کا نفاذ-مسلم کی لاش کو دفن کرنے کے لیے قبرستان کے طور پر مخصوص زمین ایک مقدس کردار حاصل کر چکی تھی اور اس کی فروخت یا امتیازی پابندیوں کا نفاذ انتہائی پریشانی کا باعث بن سکتا تھا ، اس طرح یہ حکم اسلام کی روح کے خلاف تھا ۔ ۔ تھا سکتا جا کیا دعوی کا حق ترجیحی یا خصوصی کسی اور تھا وقف عوامی ایک قبرستان قانون میں سرکاری یا نجی قبرستان اور قبرستان کے آسان بنانے والے کے درمیان کوئی فرق نہیں تھا ۔ مذہبی ذمہ داری-انتظامی ذمہ داری-دائرہ کار-حکام پر واجب ہے کہ وہ کسی مسلمان کی تدفین کے مذہبی فرض میں رکاوٹ ڈالنے کے بجائے اسے آسان بنائے ۔ - اسلام میں متوفی کے تقدس اور فوری تدفین کی ضرورت پر زور دیا گیا ہے اور کسی بھی انتظامی شرط کے نفاذ سے تدفین کے عمل میں تاخیر یا پیچیدگی پیدا ہوگی اور یہ اسلام کے احکامات کے منافی ہے ۔ اسلام کے اصولوں (قرآن اور سنت) نے آنے والی تمام نسلوں کے لیے زندگی کے ہر شعبے میں عالمگیر اور ابدی رہنمائی کو مجسم کیا ہے اور اسلام مذہبی رسومات کے معاملات میں رہائشیوں ، غیر رہائشیوں ، ذات ، رنگ اور مختلف مالی حیثیت کے درمیان فرق نہیں کرتا ، خاص طور پر ایک مسلمان کی تدفین کے حوالے سے ۔ غیر رہائشیوں کی تدفین سے انکار نہ صرف قانونی لحاظ سے غیر منصفانہ ہے بلکہ شریعت میں بیان کردہ اخلاقی اور اخلاقی بنیادوں کی بھی خلاف ورزی ہے ۔

Sale/purchase of graveyard land---Illegality---Denial of burial by authorities, challenge to---Discrimination on the basis of residence---Public graveyard being a waqf property---Effect---Burial rights, protection of---Scope---The petitioner challenged the order passed by the Additional Deputy Commissioner whereby non-residents of the area were restricted from burying their deceased in the local graveyard and were directed to purchase separate land for burial---The matter arose on the ground that a substantial portion of the graveyard land had been encroached upon leaving only a limited area available for burials---Issue for determination before the High Court was “whether the administration could legally bar non-residents from burial in a public graveyard and require them to buy separate land for burial?”---Held: Impugned order was tainted with blatant absurdity and ludicrous in its entirety as imposition of such a condition was found to be inequitable, harsh and tantamount to infringement of the fundamental rights of individuals as to a dignified burial of their dear ones, irrespective of their residential and financial status---The imposition of such discriminatory restriction militated against the principles of fairness and equal treatment under the law ---Land reserved as graveyard for burial of dead body of Muslim had attained a sacred character and its sale or imposition of discriminative restriction could become highly problematic, thus, the impugned order was against the spirit of Islam---Graveyard was a public waqf and no exclusive or preferential right could be claimed---There was no distinction in law between a public or private graveyard and a graveyard simpliciter---

Facilitation of prompt burial---Religious obligation---Administrative duty---Scope---It is incumbent upon the authorities to facilitate the religious duty of burial of a Muslim rather than obstruct it---The sanctity and the necessity of prompt burial of the deceased are emphasized in Islam and imposition of any administrative condition would cause delay or complicates the process of burial and same is contrary to injunctions of Islam---The principles of Islam (Quran and Sunnah) have embosomed universal and eternal guidance in every walk of life for all the generations to come and Islam does not differentiate between residents, non-residents, caste, colour and divergent fiscal status in matters of religious rites, especially regarding the burial of a Muslim---Denial of burial of non-residents is not only unjust in legal terms but also violative to the moral and ethical foundations laid down in the Shariah.

JUDGMENT-

--Through this Writ Petition, the petitioner has challenged the validity of order dated 12.04.2025 passed by the Additional Deputy Commissioner (General), Dera Ghazi Khan whereby he observed that the individuals who are not residents of Taunsa Sharif shall purchase land for burial of their deceased.

2. Arguments heard. Record perused.

3. Admittedly, as per revenue record and report of Assistant Commissioner dated 04.04.2025 approximately land measuring 720 Kanals is Ghair Mumkin Qabristan Maqbooza Ahl-e-Islam out of which a major chunk of land has been encroached upon by the illegal occupants and only 80 Kanals land is left as graveyard for burial of dead bodies of the residents of the locality. As the Shrine of Khawaja Shah Muhammad Suleman Taunsvi is in the said locality and his followers/ disciples throughout the county visit the said shrine, if any disciple dies during his stay at the premises of Shrine his dead body as well as dead bodies of the other surrounding localities are normally buried in the said graveyard (Qabristan). Resultantly the land of said graveyard has gone insufficient for which reason off and on a raw / nuisance occurs between the management of graveyard, local residents and non-residents on the burial of a dead body. For permanent settlement of above controversial issue the District Administration, Deputy Commissioner passed the impugned order dated 12.04.2025 which is as under:-

“It is stated that the matter was placed in DIC meeting held on 05.04.2025 wherein the committee unanimously decided that those who live in the Tauynsa Tehsil and whose ancestors are buried in this cemetery can bury their dead there, and those who are outsiders shall purchase the land for the graves in the said area/ adjacent area and bury them accordingly as the graveyard land is insufficient considering the future needs.”

After applying careful consideration of the facts and circumstances surrounding the passing of direction by the Additional Deputy Commissioner barring the non-residents of Taunsa Sharif to bury their dead bodies in the existing graveyard and making any advice to purchase some other land for the burial of their deceased is tainted with blatant absurdity and ludicrous in its entirety as imposition of such a condition is found to be inequitable, harsh and tantamount to infringement of the fundamental rights of individuals as to a dignified burial of their dear one , irrespective of their residential and fascial (sic) status. The imposition of such discriminatory restriction places an undue and unjustifiable burden on non-residents as well as the disciple of the above shrine, which militates against the principles of fairness and equal treatment under the law.

4. Furthermore, it is incumbent upon the authorities to facilitate the religious duty of burial of a Muslim rather than obstruct it. The sanctity and the necessity of prompt burial of the deceased are emphasized in Islam and imposition of any administrative condition would cause delay or complicates the process of burial and same is contrary to injunctions of Islam. The principles of Islam (Quran and Sunnah) have embosomed universal and eternal guidance in every walk of life for all the generations to come and Islam does not differentiate between residents, non-residents, caste, colour and divergent fiscal status in matters of religious rites, especially regarding the burial of a Muslim. Denial of burial of non-residents is not only unjust in legal terms but also violative to the moral and ethical foundations laid down in the Shariah. Furthermore, land reserved as graveyard for burial of dead body of Muslim has attained a sacred character, and its sale or imposition of discriminative restriction becomes highly problematic. Thus, the impugned order is against the spirit of Islam.

5. The land in question, which is being used as graveyard from the time immemorial falls within the definition of a waqf property. A waqf property has been defined in Section 2(e) of the Punjab Waqf Properties Ordinance, 1979 as under:

“Waqf Property” means property of any kind permanently dedicated by a person professing Islam for any purpose recognised by Islam as religious, pious or charitable, but does not includes property of any such waqf as is described in section 3 of the Mussalman Waqf Validating Act, 1913 (VI of 1913), under which any benefit is for the time being claimable for himself by the person by whom the waqf was created or by any member of his family or descendants.”

A Larger Bench consisting of four Hon’ble Members of the August Supreme Court of Pakistan in a judgment titled as Haji Ghulam Rasool and others v. The Chief Administrator Auqaf, West Pakistan (PLD 1971 SC 376) has held that the graveyard which is a public waqf, no exclusive or preferential right can be claimed. The right of necessity must be a common right subject to availability of space. There is no provision available in the West Pakistan Waqf Properties Ordinance, 1961 regarding sale/purchase of the land of graveyard . In a judgment titled as Noor Mohammad and another v. Ballabh Das and others (AIR 1931 Oudh 293) it has been held that there is no distinction in law between a public or private graveyard and a graveyard simpliciter. The use of a piece of land as a graveyard establishes dedication and the land thereby becomes waqf property which is not available for sale/purchase transaction. Another reliance is placed on a judgment titled as Syed Mohd. Salie Labbai (Dead) by L.Rs. and others v. Mohd. Hanifa (Dead) by L.Rs. and others (AIR 1976 SC 1569).

6. Furthermore, it has been brought to the notice of the Court that total area of the graveyard is 720 Kanal 09 Marla out of which a major parcel of land has been encroached upon by the illegal occupants and local administration unfortunately remained negligent to get retrieval of the said land from the illegal occupants but the Additional Deputy Commissioner, Dera Ghazi Khan instead of taking steps to retrieve the possession of the land of the graveyard from illegal occupants has passed the impugned arbitrary order which on the face of it is illegal, unlawful and without any justification.

7. Resultantly, this Writ Petition is allowed and the order dated 12.04.2025 passed by the Additional Deputy Commissioner (General), Dera Ghazi Khan is hereby set aside. The Deputy Commissioner, Dera Ghazi Khan is directed to retrieve the possession of the land of the graveyard from illegal occupants, if any, and submit compliance report within three months to this Court through Deputy Registrar (Judicial) of this Court.

Writ Petition No. 5476 of 2025

MOMAN KHAN Versus The PROVINCE OF PUNJAB